# 2XX

## [240](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/240.html) Uniform title (NR)

Use this field to record a uniform title, for example when a work is popularly known by another title or for some works in translation.

**Indicators**

The first indicator changes depending on if there is a [**1XX**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/bibliographic-record/1xx) field present. It should be **`1`** if there is a creator in a [**1XX**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/bibliographic-record/1xx) and **`0`** if not and the title forms the main entry.

The second indicator shows the number of nonfiling characters, i.e. the letters in definite or indefinite articles at the beginning of a title such as The, A, An, Le, La, Les, De, Die, etc. and the space after them. The = **`4`**, A = **`2`**, Le = **`3`** etc. This is also called the "skip". 

**Construction**

Subfields **`|f`**, **`|k`** and **`|l`** can be used to add a date, form subdivision or language of translation.

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24010**</mark>Treatise on nervous diseases.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24010**</mark>Works<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|k**</mark>Selections

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24010**</mark>Moi, Tituba, sorcière<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|**</mark>**l**English

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24010**</mark>De revolutionibus orbium coelestium<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|l**</mark>English<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|f**</mark>1978

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24010**</mark>Works<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|k**</mark>Selections<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|l**</mark>Latin<mark style="background-color:blue;">**.|f**</mark>1760
{% endhint %}

## [242](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/242.html) **Translation of title by cataloguing agency (R)**

Use this field to provide a translation of the title if one isn't available within the resource.

**Indicators**

Indicators follow the same conventions as [**240**](#id-240-uniform-title-nr).&#x20;

**Construction**

Use **`|y`** to add the language of the translation. Take the language code from the [MARC list of language codes](https://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/).

You only need to include the statement of responsibility if it is different translated than in the [**245**](#id-245-title-statement-nr).

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24200**</mark>Echo's breath.<mark style="background-color:blue;">**|y**</mark>eng

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24210**</mark>History of medical care in Japanese Buddhism.<mark style="background-color:blue;">**|y**</mark>eng
{% endhint %}

## [245](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/245.html) **Title statement (NR)**

Use for the preferred title, add alternative titles in the [**246**](#id-246-varying-form-of-title).

For pamphlets, zines and artists' books follow guidelines for books (but consider visual for the latter if necessary).

**Indicators**

Indicators follow the same conventions as [**240**](#id-240-uniform-title-nr).

**Construction**

Use **`|b`** for subtitles and **`|c`** for the statement of responsibility. See [OCLC BibFormats](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/245.html) for further subfields.

Always end the field with a full-stop.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Books/Journals" %}
Take the title of the work from the **title page** or, if there is no title page, the cover, spine or colophon.&#x20;

**Transcribe the title** as written. Only use capitals for the first word or any proper nouns. The exceptions are if the title is given all in lowercase by an artist or on the item or languages where capitals for certain words (e.g. German).&#x20;

Only include a statement of responsibility in **`|c`** if exists, and transcribe names and accompanying information such as titles, job titles and qualifications as written on the item but leave out sub-text such where a person works.

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24514**</mark>The Johnson family treasury <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>recipes from Canada, 1810-1870 : facsimile reproductions <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>Natalie Cooke and Katherine Fuller ; foreword by Lynette Hunter ; transcribed by Erin Yanota, M.D.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24513**</mark>La maison blanche <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>par Annette Rousseau.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>Way off when <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>edited by Dr. Joseph D. Bloggs.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>Drawn poorly <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>nature.<mark style="background-color:blue;">**|n**</mark>Issue six <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>Drawn Poorly Zine.
{% endhint %}

If you have an important subtitle or part, or a parallel title add this to a [246](#id-246-varying-form-of-title-r).

{% hint style="info" %}
*For a split zine (title 2 in purple):*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>Adventures in menstruating <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>comic special #1. <mark style="color:purple;">Adventures in menstruating : poetry special #1.</mark>

*And add the other title as an alternative:*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24631**</mark>Adventures in menstruating : poetry special #1
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Visual material" %}
This is the title or name given to an object, where this is not available a brief description is used.&#x20;

There are three types of title for visual material:

**Given title**

This is the title for an object, or collective title for a group of objects, assigned by the creator or another authoritative source. Transcribe this title in 245.

**Inscribed title**

This is a title taken from an inscription, text or caption on the object or group of objects. Transcribe the title from the object. If the title is preceded or followed by other elements of information, then include these elsewhere if relevant. Do not transcribe words that serve as an introduction or not intended as part of the title.

If there are multiple options for a title on the object; use cataloguer's judgement to select one as the preferred title. Record the other options as alternative titles if considered necessary.

If the title elements are scattered over the artwork compose a title based on those elements. If the elements could be ordered differently, then provide an alternative title based on that order in 246 if it is felt important.

**Descriptive title**

If the item has no Given or Inscribed title the cataloguer should devise a brief Descriptive title. This will be a short description of the subject matter of the object, details of what to include are outlined in the [Metadata Framework](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/visual-material/metadata-framework/metadata-elements/title-brief-description#descriptive-title).

**Recording multiple titles**

For single items from a multipart object being catalogued individually (i.e. a bibliographic record for each part), do not use a series title as the title, use the part or section title of the item being described as the title proper. The series title can be entered in [490](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/4xx#id-490-series-statement-r)/[830](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/8xx#id-830-series-added-entry-r) as appropriate.

For single objects featuring multiple independent images, record the titles in the order they appear if they are by the same person or body. Precede each title other than the first by space-semicolon-space. For items by different persons or bodies, or without shared statements of responsibility, list the titles in the order they appear. Precede each title other than the first by a period and one space, unless a link word is present.

If the collective titles are too numerous provide a collective descriptive title.

{% hint style="warning" %}
Always include a note on the source of the title. See 500 for examples
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24510**</mark>SM21

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24510**</mark>Transplanting of teeth.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>Loyd’s American stereoscope.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Amending preferred titles**

If an existing title is incorrect, insufficient, or offensive, move the existing title to a new [**246**](#id-246-varying-form-of-title-r) field and create a new preferred title for the 245 field.<br>

If the only amendment being made is to remove the format and creation date, and this information is available elsewhere in the record, there is no need to add a 246 16 Previous title entry.
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Ephemera" %}
Based on [minimum viable record creation](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/bibliographic-record/broken-reference) for inventory.

Unlike a book, there is no set title page or layout, so you may need to create a title from information across the item. The key is to make the item as identifiable as possible through the data.

**Title from text/lettering on item**

Aim to mainly use lettering rather than descriptive - leave any extent e.g. newspaper cutting to the [**300**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/3xx#id-300-physical-description-r) field

All records require a title in **`|a`**. The key is to allow for clear identification so always try and use the text which is on the item.&#x20;

Multiple people/institutions responsible for an item are separated by spaces and semi-colons in **`|c`**.&#x20;

For items with limited text, or a title which is less obvious, it may be best to add a [**520**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/5xx#id-520-summary-etc.-r) description field to provide more information.&#x20;

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>Teaching the teachers <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>fitness training course <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>London Central YMCA Training and Development Department ; Asset Exercise Professionals.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24510**</mark>Defensive measures against gas attacks <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>C.F.N. MacReady.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24510**</mark>Hartley's bottled fruits <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>marmalade, mincemeat, table jellies, sauce, jams, candied peel <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|c**</mark>W. Lloyd & Son.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>Concentrated sheep dip <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>labelled poison by the new pharmacy regulations and containing not less than 25 per cent of phenols : directions for use...
{% endhint %}

To make a clearer title, you can omit certain parts of the lettering using a mark of omission. This will be a space ... space. [DCRMR guidelines](https://bsc.rbms.info/DCRMR/general-rules/Transcription/#0451-general-rule).

**Descriptive title**

If there is limited or no lettering on the items, you can create a descriptive title - like visual material. Here you would use square brackets as you would not be following the actual lettering on the object.&#x20;

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>\[Collector's sheet for mounting American Red Cross fund-raising Christmas seals / stickers from 1907-1916. Includes 6 stuck into place].
{% endhint %}

Do not use square brackets unless you are providing conjectured dates/places of publication etc or creating a descriptive title.

**Multiple separate titles on a single item**

If there are multiple separate titles on a single item e.g. when 3 newspaper cutting have been pasted on a single sheet, add them all to the 245, separated by colons and spaces.

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**24504**</mark>The incombustible Spaniard <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>M. Martinez, the fire-proof man : Mons. Chaubert, "The Fire King".
{% endhint %}

If you have time, add alternative titles to repeatable [246](#id-246-varying-form-of-title-r) fields.

Use the [**300**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/3xx#id-300-physical-description-r) field to provide the extent, i.e. 3 newspaper cuttings mounted on 1 sheet.

See also, [Best practice for inscribed/descriptive title construction](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/bibliographic-record/broken-reference).
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="AV" %}
**Preferred title source:**\
Transcribe the title and main production credits from the frames usually in the opening credits.&#x20;

Apply ISBD punctuation rules to titles transcribed from on-screen graphics.\
\
**Secondary title source:**\
Use information written on containers and reference materials.&#x20;

**Other title source:**\
For creating titles for untitled or unidentified entities see [FIAF A.2.5 Supplied/Devised Titles](https://www.fiafnet.org/images/tinyUpload/E-Resources/Commission-And-PIP-Resources/CDC-resources/20160920%20Fiaf%20Manual-WEB.pdf).

Always add a [**500**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/5xx#id-500-general-note-r) note to record the title source if it is not the preferred source.

Content that is part of a series/serial should have both the episode title in the 245 and a series/serial title in [**490**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/4xx#id-490-series-statement-r)/[**830**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/8xx#id-830-series-added-entry-r).
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## [246](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/246.html) Varying form of title (R)

Use this field to record variations in title printed on the item, such as a cover or spine title, or for spelling alternatives that might be searched for.

**Indicators**

The first indicator changes depending on whether a note and/or added entry is generated. See [OCLC](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/246.html) for more details.

The second indicator shows the source of the variant title. The most common are 1 for a parallel title (title in another language), **`4`** for cover title, **`8`** for spine title and **`3`** for other titles not covered by any other indicator. See [OCLC](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/246.html) for full list of indicators.

**Construction**

You can use **`|f`** for dates or volume/issue numbers that aren't recorded in [**245**](#id-245-title-statement-nr)**.**

You can use **`|i`** to create a display note preceding the title. If **`|i`** is present, the second indicator should be blank.

You only need to include the subtitle if this differs from what is recorded in [**245**](#id-245-title-statement-nr).

Field does not end in a full stop.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Books/Journals" %}
{% hint style="info" %}
*If:*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24500**</mark>1000 great medicines.

*Add:*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**2463**</mark> One thousand great medicines

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**2463**</mark> Johnson family's treasury

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24634**</mark>Jonson family

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24633**</mark>Family Johnson

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**2461 |i**</mark>Subtitle on cover <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|a**</mark>A survey of screening and counselling facilities in England

\
*For specific journal  years use <>:*\ <mark style="background-color:blue;">**2461 |i**</mark>Issues from \<November 2007-September 2012> have subtitle<mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|a**</mark>Your rights, your voice, your life
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Visual material" %}
Use this field to record additional titles by which an object is known.

**Indicators**

The first indicator changes depending on whether a note and/or added entry is generated. For visual material it is usually **`1`** (note, added entry).

The second indicator indicates the type of title. For previous titles, it should be blank. Other common indicators are **`1`** for a parallel title (title in another language) and **`3`** for other title.

Legacy records use **246 16** to record all (or most) text on an object, including statements of responsibility, publishing details, and annotations. It displays as Lettering on wellcomecollection.org. For new and edited records, all lettering should be recorded in [**514**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/5xx#id-514-lettering-note-local-nr).

**Construction**

You can use **`|i`** to create a display note preceding the title. If **`|i`** is present, the second indicator should be blank. This should always be used when recording previous titles, along with **`|5`** to specify our institution.

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**2461 |i**</mark>Previous title, replaced November 2019<mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|a**</mark>The face of a beautiful woman is revealed as a mask covering her real face, which is hideously disfigured with syphilitic sores. Colour lithograph after Forsyth, ca. 1946(?)<mark style="background-color:blue;">**|5**</mark>UkLW

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**24613**</mark>Kris Jepsen from No Human Being Is Illegal (in all our glory). Collaged photograph by Deborah
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## [250](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/250.html) **Edition statement (R)**

Transcribe the edition statement as written in the item. Don't abbreviate unless abbreviated in the item.&#x20;

Add a full stop at the end of the field unless the last subfield ends with an ellipsis or full stop.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Books/Journals" %}
You can use <mark style="background-color:blue;">**/|b**</mark> for statements of responsibility that only apply to the edition statement.

Always end the field with a full stop, even if one is already being used in an abbreviation.

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  First edition.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  Edition of 100.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  Primera edición.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  6th editon <mark style="background-color:blue;">/</mark><mark style="background-color:blue;">**|b**</mark>by Albert Lieck.
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Visual material" %}
With graphic materials ‘edition’ is used to indicate a print run and is recorded in a note. For prints the term ‘state’ is used in place of ‘edition’ and is used to describe identical impressions printed from the same unchanged printing plate, block, or stone (the matrix).

Use **250** to distinguish manifestations that appear identical in other areas of the description. It is useful for supplying text to differentiate states that differ only in graphic rather than textual content. Don’t use to record differences between impressions that do not involve a change in the matrix.

Transcribe any statement related to state, only using abbreviations if used in the source.

If you are recording state information from a source other than the item or describing changes in the matrix, use square brackets and include a note on the source in a [**500**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/5xx#id-500-general-note-r).

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  Proof.&#x20;

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  \[State before lettering].&#x20;

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  3/50.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  \[State 2].&#x20;

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark>  \[1st of 3 states (Harrison (1997)]
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Zines/artists' books" %}
Consider adding a comprehension statement in brackets when not transcribing from the item (i.e. from the author's website/artist statement)

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**250**</mark> <mark style="background-color:blue;"></mark> 7/50 (7 in an edition of 50).
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## 260 **Publication, distribution, etc.**

This is a legacy field that might come through in records imported from OCLC or be in existing records in Sierra. This should be converted to a [**264** ](#id-264-production-publication-distribution-manufacture-and-copyright-notice-r)for all new cataloguing.

If editing legacy **book** or **journal** records, convert the **260** to a [**264**](#id-264-production-publication-distribution-manufacture-and-copyright-notice-r) following the instructions below.

If editing legacy **visual & material culture** or **ephemera** records, the publication details can be left in a **260**.

## [264](https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/264.html) **Production, publication, distribution, manufacture, and copyright notice (R)**

Use this field to record the publisher, distributor, printer or other production information and the copyright date if available.

Relates to the **Date Type** and **Date One** and **Date Two** coded fields in the [**Leader/008**](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/library-cataloguing/9yMHsFGBXS9DDRGtdmSE/bibliographic-record/leader-and-fixed-fields).

If multiple types of information are available (e.g. production and publication), **repeat** the field to capture all the details.

{% hint style="warning" %}
If you only have a copyright date, assume this as the published date:

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 1**</mark>\[2003]

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 4|c**</mark>©2003
{% endhint %}

**Known dates**

Transcribe date(s) as they appear on the object. For known dates where the date does not appear on the item, include in square brackets.

**Unknown, ambiguous and approximate dates**

If the date is not known it can be estimated. Include such dates in square brackets and follow with **?** or use **approximately**. If an estimated date can only be placed within a range, then include the earliest and latest dates in square brackets.

For a resource to help with estimating date ranges, see: <https://app.gitbook.com/o/-LumfFcEMKx4gYXKAZTQ/s/3Zq2AtzySU4UGEk3HA5y/appendix/dating-epb-eph-items>

If you are unable to estimate a date, state this in square brackets.

{% hint style="info" %}
*Production:*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 0**</mark>Birmingham <mark style="background-color:blue;">:</mark><mark style="background-color:blue;">**|c**</mark>\[1896?]

*Publication:*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 1**</mark>London <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>Penguin Publishing House Limited<mark style="background-color:blue;">**,|c**</mark>1942.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 1**</mark>\[Place of publication not identified] <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>\[publisher not identified]<mark style="background-color:blue;">**,|c**</mark>\[2015]\
\
\&#xNAN;*Distribution:*

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 2**</mark>Slough <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>\[place of distribution not identified]

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 2**</mark>Ponthenri, Carmarthenshire, United Kingdom :<mark style="background-color:blue;">**|b**</mark>Spill the Zines!\
\
Manufacture (printing):

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 3**</mark>Milton Keynes <mark style="background-color:blue;">**:|b**</mark>Lightining Source.

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 3**</mark>\[Leeds] :<mark style="background-color:blue;">**|b**</mark>Footprint Worker’s Co-Op.\
\
Copyright:

<mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 4|c**</mark>©2015
{% endhint %}

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Visual material" %}

### Unpublished Material

Includes drawings, paintings, photographs, 3D objects

For unpublished material the 264 field only requires place and date (of creation)

Where a transcribed date could be misread, follow the transcription with the date spelt out clearly, in square brackets. For detailed dates follow the convention *date-month-year*, or *month-year*.

{% hint style="info" %} <mark style="background-color:blue;">**264 0**</mark>\[Netherne, Surrey] <mark style="background-color:blue;">:</mark><mark style="background-color:blue;">**|c**</mark>25.7.68 \[25 July 1968]
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}