# Country of origin

## Definition

Geographic origin of the moving image Work/Variant. This should be the country or countries where the principal offices or production facilities of the production company or companies are located. (FIAF 1.3.3)

| CALM                                         | Sierra                                                                         |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Not currently used                           | Country (Fixed Field and 008)                                                  |
| <mark style="color:red;">Description?</mark> | Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice (264) |

### Where to find the information

Where recorded, the country of origin should be identifiable either in the credits or via information printed on the label or packaging. This will often be in the form of a copyright notice giving the country of first publication (although copyright itself is recorded as a separate element), but you can also identify the production company and use the country where its principle offices or production facilities are located.&#x20;

If the work is a multinational coproduction involving companies from different countries, use the one that is given primary prominence.&#x20;

If it is not possible to clearly establish the primary country of origin in a multinational production, consider the nationality of the work's director and/or the majority of personnel involved in the creation of the work.

### Rules

Copyright information can identify the country of origin, but copyright itself should be recorded separately (see '[Copyright](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/collections-information/lQ0fMyP8xr8hWWJiQkfl/audio-visual-cataloguing/metadata-framework/metadata-elements/optional-elements/copyright)').

Country of origin is separate from the country in which a work is set or the country that forms the subject of the work. This should be recorded separately in '[Subject](https://docs.wellcomecollection.org/collections-information/lQ0fMyP8xr8hWWJiQkfl/audio-visual-cataloguing/metadata-framework/metadata-elements/optional-elements/subject)' (e.g. 651 Subject Added Entry).

Consider using Country of origin in combination with Subject and Content description as appropriate to bring out problematic aspects of materials dealing with, for example, colonial themes, power imbalances or outdated/racist stereotypes, according to the cataloguer's judgement.

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